Just as we humans can build up calluses by incremental exposure to rough surfaces, you can do the same with your dog if you plan on frequent hikes or know they’ll be walking on rougher surfaces throughout their life.
If your dog is older and doesn’t walk as much, or spends most of their outside time running around on grass, their paw pads are likely to be smoother (and more likely to tear when they do walk on rougher surfaces). If you take your dog hiking often, or they take regular walks out on asphalt, they’ll have more calloused paw pads due to the exposure to rougher terrain. You might notice that your dog’s paw pads are rough and calloused or smooth and soft - this all depends on the terrain your dog regularly walks on. Paw pads help with your dog’s balance, and provide traction, stability, and shock absorption, too. They’re also an integral part of your dog’s foot structure and work in conjunction with your dog’s nails (which provide protection for the pads).
Since fat is insulating, these give your pup's paws a bit of protection from colder surfaces in the winter. Paw pads consist of a layer of pigmented skin, usually pink or black, covering fatty tissue.
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